---
title: "NGC 12"
url: "https://spacecatalog.org/object/ngc-12"
release: "DR1"
licence: "CC-BY-SA-4.0"
citation: "SpaceCatalog. NGC 12 [catalogue entry]. Data release DR1 (2026-08-21). https://spacecatalog.org/object/ngc-12"
---

# NGC 12

NGC 12 is a spiral [galaxy](https://spacecatalog.org/galaxies) Sc in the constellation [Pisces](https://spacecatalog.org/constellation/pisces), 166.9 Mly from Earth, shining at apparent magnitude 13.18 (V). Other catalogues list it as 2MASX J00084475+0436451, IRAS F00061+0419 and LEDA 645, among 7 designations in total. It was discovered in 1790.

## At a glance

- **WHAT IT IS:** Spiral galaxy
- **HOW FAR:** 166.9 Mly — A luminosity distance, from its redshift — how faint it looks. The light itself left 181 million years ago.
- **HOW BIG ON THE SKY:** 1.5′ — Small enough that the full Moon would cover it several times over.
- **HOW BRIGHT (V):** 13.18 — Faint: it takes a large telescope.
- **WHERE TO LOOK:** [Pisces](https://spacecatalog.org/constellation/pisces) — The patch of sky it sits in, as seen from Earth.

## Properties

| Quantity | Value |
| --- | --- |
| CLASS | Spiral galaxy Sc |
| DISTANCE FROM EARTH | 166.9 Mly ±16 — by redshift (CMB frame), flat ΛCDM with H0 = 70 km/s/Mpc |
| APPARENT MAGNITUDE (V) | 13.18 |
| CONSTELLATION | Pisces |
| RIGHT ASCENSION (J2000) | 00h 08m 44.8s |
| DECLINATION (J2000) | +04° 36′ 45.1″ |
| DISCOVERED | 1790 |

## Catalogue data

### WHAT KIND OF THING IT IS

What the object is in itself, rather than how it happens to look from here.

| Field | Value |
| --- | --- |
| Hubble type | Sc |

### HOW BRIGHT IT IS

What the light adds up to, measured through one filter at a time. A magnitude is a brightness on a backwards scale — the smaller the number, the brighter the object.

| Field | Value |
| --- | --- |
| Apparent magnitude (B) | 13.84 |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 13.18 |
| Apparent magnitude (J) | 11.13 |
| Apparent magnitude (H band) | 10.38 |
| Apparent magnitude (K) | 10.28 |
| Surface brightness | 23.3 mag/arcsec² |

### WHERE IT IS AND HOW IT MOVES

Position, motion across the sky and the size it covers on it. These are measurements of the object as seen from here, so every one of them depends on where here is.

| Field | Value |
| --- | --- |
| Radial velocity | 3886 km/s |
| Redshift (z) | 0.013049 |
| Redshift (z, CMB frame) | 0.0118384 |
| Major axis | 1.52′ |
| Minor axis | 1.21′ |
| Position angle | 127° |

### WHEN IT WAS FOUND

Who first saw it, from where, and by what method.

| Field | Value |
| --- | --- |
| Discovered by | William Herschel |

### OTHER NAMES AND NUMBERS

The identifiers other catalogues file this object under, for anyone joining this data to theirs.

| Field | Value |
| --- | --- |
| OpenNGC type code | G |
| Wikidata item | Q19621 |
| Wikipedia article | NGC 12 |

## Also known as

- 2MASX: 2MASX J00084475+0436451
- IRAS: IRAS F00061+0419
- LEDA: LEDA 645
- MCG: MCG +01-01-040
- NGC: NGC 12
- PGC: PGC 645
- UGC: UGC 74

## Source

[OpenNGC](https://github.com/mattiaverga/OpenNGC) — CC-BY-SA-4.0

The producer asks: OpenNGC, Mattia Verga (github.com/mattiaverga/OpenNGC). Fields derived from it stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

How this was made: https://spacecatalog.org/methods#source-openngc

## Cite this page

SpaceCatalog. NGC 12 \[catalogue entry\]. Data release DR1 (2026-08-21). https://spacecatalog.org/object/ngc-12

```bibtex
@misc{spacecatalog_ngc-12,
  author       = {{SpaceCatalog}},
  title        = {{NGC 12}},
  howpublished = {SpaceCatalog, data release DR1 (2026-08-21)},
  year         = {2026},
  url          = {https://spacecatalog.org/object/ngc-12},
  note         = {Catalogue entry, data release DR1 (2026-08-21). Values from OpenNGC.}
}
```

OpenNGC — CC-BY-SA-4.0

Acknowledgement the producer asks for: OpenNGC, Mattia Verga (github.com/mattiaverga/OpenNGC). Fields derived from it stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.

The page itself, with its pictures, the sky map and the observing tools: https://spacecatalog.org/object/ngc-12