About
SpaceCatalog is built and maintained by Viacheslav Shynkarenko (aka Slavik) — started in 2026 and still a one-person project. Corrections, additions and questions are welcome at slavik@slavikdev.com. The catalogue itself is downloadable in full, frozen and versioned, from the data releases.
Nothing here is measured by us. Every number is downloaded from a published catalogue, every headline from an observatory that wrote it, and every photograph from someone who pointed a telescope at the sky — so the rest of this page names all of them, with the licence each one is used under and, for the feeds fetched nightly, when it last answered. What was done to those numbers between their catalogue and this one — the distance ladder, the cosmology, the cuts — is written out on the methods page.
ON THIS PAGEWHAT IS IN
Two numbers describe this site and they are not the same number. 228 030 objects are catalogued: each has a page, every designation we can resolve, and a row in the API. Beneath them 60 091 093 survey sources are stored — 36 909 335 stars from Gaia DR3 and 23 181 758 galaxies and quasars from GLADE+, held exactly as those surveys published them. They carry no page and no prose, because “Gaia DR3 66526127137440128 is a star” is not an article and tens of millions of those is not a catalogue. Each of them does have an address, because a row this database holds and cannot answer for is a row it is using rather than keeping.
Neither number is 1.81 billion, which is what Gaia DR3 actually holds. The three tiers below are the whole of it: what is stored, what gets a page, and what is offered to a search engine.
- Stored — every row of a catalogue we take at all
When a survey is worth having, it comes in whole. All 23 181 758 rows of GLADE+ are here, quasars included, and so is every Gaia source brighter than magnitude 15. That magnitude is the faint end of a 300 mm telescope, the deepest instrument this site models anywhere, and it is the one place hardware decides rather than editorial judgement: 1.81 billion rows at what one costs here is some two hundred gigabytes before a single index, and this runs on one server.
- Given a page — an identity, and something to say
A survey row becomes a catalogued object when some catalogue gave it a name or a number that resolves — Messier 31, NGC 5128, HD 48915, PGC 10435 — and when there is enough beside it to write a page from. 53 365 of GLADE+’s 23 181 758 rows clear that; the rest are a position, a brightness and a redshift, which can be looked up and cannot be read. A designation that is only the object’s own coordinates read back to it tells a reader nothing they did not already have.
- Offered for indexing — only what a reader could search for
Every survey source has a URL and none of them is submitted to a search engine: each one carries
noindex, so it can be linked, cited and resolved, and it will never turn up as a result. 60 091 093 pages of “an object at these coordinates” would be a doorway-page farm whether or not anyone meant it that way. Storing a row and publishing it are separate decisions, and this is where they part.
So the promise on the front of this site has a boundary, and it is this one: every object in the catalogues below, down to the depth this hardware can hold, and beneath it every row of those catalogues reachable by its own identifier. Where a cut had to be made it was made on brightness and on identity rather than on interest, and it is written here rather than left to be discovered.
SpaceCatalog is a non-commercial project: nothing on it is sold, and it carries no advertising and no sponsorship. Some of the catalogues it draws on allow no commercial use without the producer's permission: ATNF Pulsar Catalogue (Manchester+ 2005); Deep-sky distances: Hunt & Reffert 2024, Baumgardt & Vasiliev 2021, Stanghellini+ 2008 (via VizieR and arXiv); Gaia DR3 (sources brighter than G = 15); Gaia DR3 astrophysical parameters (GSP-Phot and FLAME); General Catalogue of Variable Stars (Samus+ 2017, via VizieR); GLADE+ (every row, as survey sources); GLADE+ (Galaxy List for the Advanced Detector Era); PASTEL: a catalogue of stellar parameters (Soubiran+ 2016); Pickles (1998) stellar spectral flux library; SDSS DR18 optical spectra; Washington Double Star Catalog (Mason+ 2001-, via VizieR). Their terms travel with their rows, through the pages, the API and the downloads alike, so commercial reuse of their rows needs the producer's permission. Each catalogue below is marked with what its terms allow.
- HYG Database v4.1ID hyg · CC-BY-SA-4.0 · COMMERCIAL USE ALLOWED · RETRIEVED 2026-09-13 · UPSTREAM FROZEN — no upstream commit since 2025-02-14
HYG Database v4.1, Astronexus (github.com/astronexus/HYG-Database). Fields derived from it stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.
119,624 objects - GLADE+ (Galaxy List for the Advanced Detector Era)ID glade_plus · VizieR terms; cite Dalya+ 2022 (2022MNRAS.514.1403D) · COMMERCIAL USE NEEDS PERMISSION · RETRIEVED 2026-09-13 · UPSTREAM FROZEN — the published catalogue, Dalya+ 2022
Dálya et al. 2022, MNRAS 514, 1403 (2022MNRAS.514.1403D) — "Please cite this paper when using GLADE+ data" — via VizieR VII/291. This research has made use of the VizieR catalogue access tool, CDS, Strasbourg, France (DOI: 10.26093/cds/vizier). The original description of the VizieR service was published in 2000, A&AS 143, 23.
53,365 objects - JPL Small-Body DatabaseID jpl_sbdb · No licence stated; citation requested · COMMERCIAL USE NOT STATED · RETRIEVED 2026-10-01 · 13 DAYS AGO
Solar System Dynamics. (Downloaded 2026, October 1). Small-Body Database Query. https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov
26,434 objects - OpenNGC
OpenNGC, Mattia Verga (github.com/mattiaverga/OpenNGC). Fields derived from it stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.
13,372 objects - NASA Exoplanet Archive (Planetary Systems Composite Parameters)ID exoplanet_archive · No licence stated; acknowledgement requested · COMMERCIAL USE NOT STATED · RETRIEVED 2026-10-09 · 5 DAYS AGO
This research has made use of the NASA Exoplanet Archive, which is operated by the California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under the Exoplanet Exploration Program. Cite Christiansen et al. (2025), Planetary Science Journal (doi:10.3847/PSJ/ade3c2), and the literature reference given with each value.
10,322 objects - ATNF Pulsar Catalogue (Manchester+ 2005)ID atnf · No licence stated; the database is ATNF/CSIRO property under the CSIRO Legal Notice and Disclaimer · COMMERCIAL USE NEEDS PERMISSION · RETRIEVED 2026-09-13 · 30 DAYS AGO
Manchester, R. N., Hobbs, G. B., Teoh, A. & Hobbs, M. 2005, AJ 129, 1993 (2005AJ....129.1993M); https://www.atnf.csiro.au/research/pulsar/psrcat
4,393 objects - JPL Planetary Satellite DataID jpl_sats · No licence stated; citation requested · COMMERCIAL USE NOT STATED · RETRIEVED 2026-09-13 · 30 DAYS AGO
Solar System Dynamics. (Downloaded 2026, September 13). Planetary Satellite Mean Elements; Planetary Satellite Physical Parameters; Planetary Satellite Discovery Circumstances. https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov
459 objects - 61 objects
- CelesTrak general perturbations (active satellites)ID celestrak_gp · Redistribution approved by USSPACECOM, conditioned on appropriate citation · COMMERCIAL USE NOT STATED · RETRIEVED 2026-10-01 · 13 DAYS AGO
USSPACECOM / 18th Space Defense Squadron via Space-Track.org, distributed by CelesTrak
enrichment - Deep-sky distances: Hunt & Reffert 2024, Baumgardt & Vasiliev 2021, Stanghellini+ 2008 (via VizieR and arXiv)ID deepsky_distances · Per table: Hunt & Reffert 2024 (J/A+A/686/A42) and Cantat-Gaudin+ 2020 (J/A+A/633/A99, retired): no licence stated, VizieR terms for A&A tables (free for scientific use); Baumgardt & Vasiliev 2021 (arXiv:2105.09526v2): CC BY 4.0; Stanghellini+ 2008 (J/ApJ/689/194): CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, per CDS's terms for AAS tables; Harris 1996, rev. 1997 (VII/202, retired): no licence stated, VizieR terms · COMMERCIAL USE NEEDS PERMISSION · RETRIEVED 2026-10-01 · UPSTREAM FROZEN — three published tables, none of which is revised
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT REQUESTED
Hunt, E. L. & Reffert, S. 2024, A&A 686, A42 (2024A&A...686A..42H); Baumgardt, H. & Vasiliev, E. 2021, MNRAS 505, 5957 (2021MNRAS.505.5957B); Stanghellini, L., Shaw, R. A. & Villaver, E. 2008, ApJ 689, 194 (2008ApJ...689..194S) — its parsecs are the authors' unaltered values and its light years are SpaceCatalog's conversion; Cantat-Gaudin, T. et al. 2020, A&A 633, A99 (2020A&A...633A..99C); Harris, W. E. 1996, AJ 112, 1487 (1996AJ....112.1487H), revised 15 May 1997, VizieR VII/202 — "Please acknowledge the use of this catalog in any published work you derive from it." This research has made use of the VizieR catalogue access tool, CDS, Strasbourg, France (DOI: 10.26093/cds/vizier). The original description of the VizieR service was published in 2000, A&AS 143, 23.
enrichment - Gaia DR3 astrophysical parameters (GSP-Phot and FLAME)ID gaia_dr3 · CC BY-NC 3.0 IGO · COMMERCIAL USE NEEDS PERMISSION · RETRIEVED 2026-09-14 · UPSTREAM FROZEN — Gaia DR3 does not move until DR4, 2 December 2026
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT REQUESTED
Credit: ESA/Gaia/DPAC. Licence: CC BY-NC 3.0 IGO, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/igo/, non-commercial use only; commercial use needs ESA's prior authorisation. This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia (https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC, https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium). Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement. Cite Gaia Collaboration 2016, A&A 595, A1 (2016A&A...595A...1G) and Gaia Collaboration 2023, A&A 674, A1 (2023A&A...674A...1G).
enrichment - Gaia DR3 (sources brighter than G = 15)ID gaia_dr3_sky · CC BY-NC 3.0 IGO · COMMERCIAL USE NEEDS PERMISSION · RETRIEVED 2026-10-01 · UPSTREAM FROZEN — Gaia DR3 does not move until DR4, 2 December 2026
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT REQUESTED
Credit: ESA/Gaia/DPAC. Licence: CC BY-NC 3.0 IGO, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/igo/, non-commercial use only; commercial use needs ESA's prior authorisation. This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia (https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC, https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium). Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement. Cite Gaia Collaboration 2016, A&A 595, A1 (2016A&A...595A...1G) and Gaia Collaboration 2023, A&A 674, A1 (2023A&A...674A...1G).
36,909,335 sky sources - General Catalogue of Variable Stars (Samus+ 2017, via VizieR)ID gcvs · No licence stated; VizieR terms (free for scientific use) · COMMERCIAL USE NEEDS PERMISSION · RETRIEVED 2026-09-14 · UPSTREAM FROZEN — no upstream release since Samus+2017
Samus, N. N., Kazarovets, E. V., Durlevich, O. V., Kireeva, N. N. & Pastukhova, E. N. 2017, Astronomy Reports 61, 80 (2017ARep...61...80S), via VizieR B/gcvs. This research has made use of the VizieR catalogue access tool, CDS, Strasbourg, France (DOI: 10.26093/cds/vizier). The original description of the VizieR service was published in 2000, A&AS 143, 23.
enrichment - GLADE+ (every row, as survey sources)ID glade_plus_sky · VizieR terms; cite Dalya+ 2022 (2022MNRAS.514.1403D) · COMMERCIAL USE NEEDS PERMISSION · RETRIEVED 2026-10-01 · UPSTREAM FROZEN — the published catalogue, Dalya+ 2022
Dálya et al. 2022, MNRAS 514, 1403 (2022MNRAS.514.1403D) — "Please cite this paper when using GLADE+ data" — via VizieR VII/291. This research has made use of the VizieR catalogue access tool, CDS, Strasbourg, France (DOI: 10.26093/cds/vizier). The original description of the VizieR service was published in 2000, A&AS 143, 23.
23,181,758 sky sources - JPL HorizonsID jpl_horizons_sats · No licence stated; citation requested · COMMERCIAL USE NOT STATED · RETRIEVED 2026-09-14 · 29 DAYS AGO
Solar System Dynamics. (Downloaded 2026, September 14). Horizons System. https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov
enrichment - Minor Planet Center — discovery circumstances of the numbered minor planetsID mpc · Freely available; may be redistributed as long as the source for the data is clearly specified (IAU Minor Planet Center) · COMMERCIAL USE NOT STATED · RETRIEVED 2026-10-01 · 13 DAYS AGO
IAU Minor Planet Center, NumberedMPs.txt (https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs.txt)
enrichment - PASTEL: a catalogue of stellar parameters (Soubiran+ 2016)ID pastel · VizieR terms; cite Soubiran et al. 2016, A&A 591, A118 · COMMERCIAL USE NEEDS PERMISSION · RETRIEVED 2026-09-14 · UPSTREAM FROZEN — the published catalogue, Soubiran+ 2016
Soubiran, C., Le Campion, J.-F., Brouillet, N. & Chemin, L. 2016, A&A 591, A118 (2016A&A...591A.118S), via VizieR B/pastel. This research has made use of the VizieR catalogue access tool, CDS, Strasbourg, France (DOI: 10.26093/cds/vizier). The original description of the VizieR service was published in 2000, A&AS 143, 23.
enrichment - Pickles (1998) stellar spectral flux libraryID pickles_atlas · VizieR terms; cite Pickles 1998, PASP 110, 863 · COMMERCIAL USE NEEDS PERMISSION · RETRIEVED 2026-10-01 · UPSTREAM FROZEN — the published atlas, Pickles 1998
Pickles, A. J. 1998, PASP 110, 863 (1998PASP..110..863P), via VizieR J/PASP/110/863. This research has made use of the VizieR catalogue access tool, CDS, Strasbourg, France (DOI: 10.26093/cds/vizier). The original description of the VizieR service was published in 2000, A&AS 143, 23.
enrichment - SDSS DR18 optical spectraID sdss_spectra · SDSS calls its public data releases public domain, and allows commercial use only with the Astrophysical Research Consortium's explicit approval; acknowledgement requested · COMMERCIAL USE NEEDS PERMISSION · RETRIEVED 2026-10-01 · UPSTREAM FROZEN — SDSS DR18 is a fixed data release
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT REQUESTED
Funding for the SDSS and SDSS-II has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Participating Institutions, the National Science Foundation, the U.S. Department of Energy, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Japanese Monbukagakusho, the Max Planck Society, and the Higher Education Funding Council for England. The SDSS Web Site is http://www.sdss.org/. The SDSS is managed by the Astrophysical Research Consortium for the Participating Institutions. The Participating Institutions are the American Museum of Natural History, Astrophysical Institute Potsdam, University of Basel, University of Cambridge, Case Western Reserve University, University of Chicago, Drexel University, Fermilab, the Institute for Advanced Study, the Japan Participation Group, Johns Hopkins University, the Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, the Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, the Korean Scientist Group, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (LAMOST), Los Alamos National Laboratory, the Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy (MPIA), the Max-Planck-Institute for Astrophysics (MPA), New Mexico State University, Ohio State University, University of Pittsburgh, University of Portsmouth, Princeton University, the United States Naval Observatory, and the University of Washington. Funding for SDSS-III has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Participating Institutions, the National Science Foundation, and the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science. The SDSS-III web site is http://www.sdss3.org/. SDSS-III is managed by the Astrophysical Research Consortium for the Participating Institutions of the SDSS-III Collaboration including the University of Arizona, the Brazilian Participation Group, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Carnegie Mellon University, University of Florida, the French Participation Group, the German Participation Group, Harvard University, the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, the Michigan State/Notre Dame/JINA Participation Group, Johns Hopkins University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, New Mexico State University, New York University, Ohio State University, Pennsylvania State University, University of Portsmouth, Princeton University, the Spanish Participation Group, University of Tokyo, University of Utah, Vanderbilt University, University of Virginia, University of Washington, and Yale University. Funding for the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, and the Participating Institutions. SDSS acknowledges support and resources from the Center for High-Performance Computing at the University of Utah. The SDSS web site is www.sdss4.org. SDSS is managed by the Astrophysical Research Consortium for the Participating Institutions of the SDSS Collaboration including the Brazilian Participation Group, the Carnegie Institution for Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian (CfA), the Chilean Participation Group, the French Participation Group, Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, The Johns Hopkins University, Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (IPMU) / University of Tokyo, the Korean Participation Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Leibniz Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP), Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (MPIA Heidelberg), Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik (MPA Garching), Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik (MPE), National Astronomical Observatories of China, New Mexico State University, New York University, University of Notre Dame, Observatório Nacional / MCTI, The Ohio State University, Pennsylvania State University, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, United Kingdom Participation Group, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, University of Arizona, University of Colorado Boulder, University of Oxford, University of Portsmouth, University of Utah, University of Virginia, University of Washington, University of Wisconsin, Vanderbilt University, and Yale University.
enrichment - SIMBAD spectral classificationsID simbad · ODbL · COMMERCIAL USE ALLOWED · RETRIEVED 2026-10-01 · 13 DAYS AGO
This research has made use of the SIMBAD database, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France (Wenger et al. 2000, A&AS 143, 9; 2000A&AS..143....9W). The original paper for each spectral type and morphology is cited beside it. The SIMBAD-derived fields are made available under the Open Database License, and a database derived from them stays under the ODbL.
enrichment - enrichment
- Washington Double Star Catalog (Mason+ 2001-, via VizieR)ID wds · No licence stated; acknowledgement requested · COMMERCIAL USE NEEDS PERMISSION · RETRIEVED 2026-10-01 · 13 DAYS AGO
This research has made use of the Washington Double Star Catalog maintained at the U.S. Naval Observatory. Mason, B. D., Wycoff, G. L., Hartkopf, W. I., Douglass, G. G. & Worley, C. E. 2001, AJ 122, 3466 (2001AJ....122.3466M), via VizieR B/wds. This research has made use of the VizieR catalogue access tool, CDS, Strasbourg, France (DOI: 10.26093/cds/vizier). The original description of the VizieR service was published in 2000, A&AS 143, 23.
enrichment - WikidataID wikidata · CC0 1.0 · COMMERCIAL USE ALLOWED · RETRIEVED 2026-10-01 · 13 DAYS AGOenrichment
Several of these producers state no licence at all and ask for an acknowledgement or a citation instead, and their terms say exactly that rather than a licence they did not grant. Where a producer asks for an acknowledgement it is given beneath its terms, word for word, and it is owed by anyone who reuses those rows.
AN ENRICHMENT UPSTREAM ADDS FIELDS TO ROWS IT DID NOT CREATE · EVERY UPSTREAM IS ASKED NIGHTLY WHETHER IT IS STILL THERE · A FROZEN CATALOGUE IS ONE THAT IS FINISHED, NOT ONE THAT IS OVERDUE · A ROW THAT CHANGED IS FOUND BY NAME AT ONCE AND BY DESCRIPTION WITHIN A DAY
- OK · 2026-10-14
- NEVER FETCHED
- OK · 2026-10-14
- OK · 2026-10-14
- OK · 2026-10-14
- OK · 2026-10-14
- OK · 2026-10-14
- OK · 2026-10-14
- OK · 2026-10-14
- OK · 2026-10-14
- OK · 2026-10-14
A FEED THAT STOPS ANSWERING FAILS THE NIGHTLY JOB · IT DOES NOT REMOVE WHAT IT ALREADY PUBLISHED
Every picture on this site was taken by someone else and is reproduced under the licence beside their name. All of them reached us through Wikimedia Commons; each object’s own page links the original file and its licence deed. Nothing here is an artist’s impression — that is a gate in the pipeline, not a preference.
- Adams Whipple John Adams Whipple
- Andrew Ainslie Common (1841-1903)
- Andrew Beardmore (Univ. of Leicester) and NASA/Swift
- Apollo 8 crewmember Bill Anders
- Courtesy NASA/JPL-Caltech/University of Arizona
- en:NASA, en:STScI, en:WikiSky
- HST/NASA/ESA
- Hubble Space Telescope Comet Team and NASA
- Hubble Space Telescope/STScI
- J.P. Harrington and K.J. Borkowski (University of Maryland), and NASA
- Jim Scotti
- Justin Cowart
- Margarita Karovska (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics) and NASA
- Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST), STScI, and NASA
- NASA
- NASA / Apollo 17 crew
- NASA / Jet Propulsion Lab
- NASA / Jet Propulsion Laboratory / University of Maryland
- NASA / Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory / Southwest Research Institute
- NASA / JPL
- NASA / JPL / MPS / DLR / IDA / Björn Jónsson
- NASA / JPL / Space Science Institute
- NASA / JPL / University of Arizona
- NASA / JPL / Voyager-ISS / Aster Cowart
- NASA / JPL-Caltech / Space Science Institute
- NASA / JPL-Caltech / SSI / color composite by Gordan Ugarkovic
- NASA / JPL-Caltech / University of Arizona
- NASA / USGS (see PIA04304 catalog page)
- NASA and The Hubble Heritage Team (AURA/STScI)
- NASA and The Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA)
- NASA, Apollo 11
- NASA, ESA and the Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA)
- NASA, ESA, and M. Brown (California Institute of Technology)
- NASA, ESA, and M. Showalter (SETI Institute)
- NASA, ESA, AURA/Caltech, Palomar Observatory
- NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI
- NASA, ESA, HEIC, and The Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA)
- NASA, ESA, J. Hester and A. Loll (Arizona State University)
- NASA, ESA, J. Parker (Southwest Research Institute), P. Thomas (Cornell University), and L. McFadden (University of Maryland, College Park)
- NASA, ESA, M. Robberto (Space Telescope Science Institute/ESA) and the Hubble Space Telescope Orion Treasury Project Team
- NASA, ESA, N. Smith (University of California, Berkeley), and The Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA); credit for CTIO Image: N. Smith (University of California, Berkeley) and NOAO/AURA/NSF
- NASA, Jeff Hester, and Paul Scowen (Arizona State University)
- NASA, NOAO, ESA, the Hubble Helix Nebula Team, M. Meixner (STScI) and T. A. Rector (NRAO)
- NASA, NOAO, ESA, the Hubble Helix Nebula Team, M. Meixner (STScI), and T.A. Rector (NRAO)
- NASA; uploaded by User:Dipankan001.
- NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory; Credits: NASA/CXC
- NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center
- NASA/CXC/SAO/PSU/CMU
- NASA/ESA - The Hubble Legacy Archive (HLA): Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI), the Space Telescope European Coordinating Facility (ST-ECF), and the Canadian Astronomy Data Centre (CADC) - zoranknez (Aladin software)
- NASA/Goddard/University of Arizona
- NASA/Goddard/University of Arizona/Lockheed Martin
- NASA/JHUAPL/SwRI
- NASA/Johns Hopkins APL/Naval Research Laboratory/Guillermo Stenborg and Brendan Gallagher
- NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Arizona State University/Carnegie Institution of Washington
- NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Carnegie Institution of Washington
- NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Southwest Research Institute/Alex Parker
- NASA/JPL-Caltech
- NASA/JPL-Caltech/SSI
- NASA/JPL-Caltech/STScI/CXC/UofA/ESA/AURA/JHU
- NASA/JPL-Caltech/UCLA/MPS/DLR/IDA
- NASA/JPL-Caltech/Univ. of Ariz.
- NASA/JPL-Caltech/Univ. of Arizona
- NASA/JPL, et. al.
- NASA/JPL/Cornell
- NASA/JPL/DLR
- NASA/JPL/JHUAPL
- NASA/JPL/JHUAPL (color version published at Planetary Society)
- NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute
- NASA/JPL/University of Arizona
- NASA/NEAR Project (JHU/APL).
- NASA/SAO/CXC
- NASA/SOFIA/E. Lopez-Rodiguez; NASA/Spitzer/J. Moustakas et al.
- NASA/STSCI (S.T.A.R.S)
- NASA/W. Liller
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) / Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)
- Nynyny
- R.Kraft (SAO) et al., CXO, NASA
- Roman Köhler
- S. Beckwith (STScI), Hubble Heritage Team, (STScI/AURA), ESA, NASA
- Stephen Conatser
- The Hubble Heritage Team (AURA/STScI/NASA)
- Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS)
- Unknown author
- USGS
- X-ray (NASA/CXC/Harvard/J.Neilsen); Optical & IR (Palomar DSS2)
- X-ray: NASA/CXC/SAO; Optical: Detlef Hartmann; Infrared: NASA/JPL-Caltech
- ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO)/E. O’Gorman/P. Kervella
- Digitized Sky Survey 2
- EHT Collaboration
- ESA/Hubble & NASA
- ESA/Hubble & NASA, ESA Euclid/Euclid Consortium/NASA/Q1-2025, J.-C. Cuillandre & E. Bertin (CEA Paris-Saclay), Z. Tsvetanov
- ESA/Hubble & NASA, K. Noll
- ESA/Hubble & NASA, Z. Tsvetanov
- ESA/Hubble and NASA
- ESA/Webb, NASA & CSA, A. Adamo (Stockholm University) and the FEAST JWST team
- ESA/Webb, NASA, CSA, M. Barlow, N. Cox, R. Wesson
- ESO
- ESO/B. Tafreshi (twanight.org)
- ESO/Igor Chekalin
- ESO/INAF-VST/OmegaCAM
- ESO/K. Ohnaka
- ESO/P. Kervella
- ESO/Vernazza et al.
- ESO/Vernazza et al./MISTRAL algorithm (ONERA/CNRS)
- ESO/VPHAS+ team
- ESO/WFI (Optical); MPIfR/ESO/APEX/A.Weiss et al. (Submillimetre); NASA/CXC/CfA/R.Kraft et al. (X-ray)
- European Southern Observatory
- European Space Agency, NASA, and J. Hester (Arizona State University)
- Event Horizon Telescope
- George Jacoby, WIYN/NSF
- Image credit: ESA/Hubble, NASA, Digitized Sky Survey, MPG/ESO
- Image: European Space Agency & NASA
- ISAS, JAXA
- JAXA
- Michael T. Bland, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)
- NASA, ESA and the Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA). Acknowledgment: A. Zezas and J. Huchra (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics)
- NASA, ESA and the Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA). Acknowledgment: J. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin), M. Mountain (STScI) and P. Puxley (NSF)
- NASA, ESA, A.A. Simon (NASA Goddard), and M.H. Wong and A.I. Hsu (University of California, Berkeley)
- NASA, ESA, and the Hubble Heritage (STScI/AURA)-ESA/Hubble Collaboration
- NASA, ESA, H. Bond (STScI), and M. Barstow (University of Leicester)
- NASA, ESA, Jupiter ERS Team; image processing by Ricardo Hueso (UPV/EHU) and Judy Schmidt
- NASA, ESA, S. Beckwith (STScI), and The Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA)
- NASA, ESA, W. Sparks (STScI), and the USGS Astrogeology Science Center
- NASA/ESA and The Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA)
- NASA/JPL
- NOIRLab/NSF/AURA
- NSO/AURA/NSF
- Original image taken by JAXA/ISAS, processed by User:Anonymsiy, image adjusted by User:Nrco0e
- RubinObs/NOIRLab/SLAC/NSF/DOE/AURA
- SDSS
- Sloan Digital Sky Survey
- Sloan Digital Sky Survey, Apache Point Observatory, Astrophysical Research Consortium
- Allanalaoui
- Alpha Zhang (AstroBin: shyzhang127)
- Balo92
- Burkhard Mücke
- Chuck Ayoub
- David (Deddy) Dayag
- ESA/Rosetta/MPS for OSIRIS Team MPS/UPD/LAM/IAA/SSO/INTA/UPM/DASP/IDA
- Göran Nilsson & The Liverpool Telescope
- Harel Boren
- Ken Crawford
- Kjmiller84
- Markus Pössel
- Matúš Motlo
- Meli thev
- NASA, ESA, and STScI
- Ngc1535
- NVN271
- Shafransky
- Shark13016
- Siderevs nuncivs
- W.carter
- Ardenau4
- Brody Wesner
- Chuck Ayoub
- Giuseppe Donatiello
- gjdonatiello
- NASA / Voyager 2 / PDS / OPUS / Ardenau4
- NASA/SOFIA/Lim, De Buizer, & Radomski et al.; ESA/Herschel; NASA/JPL-Caltech
- Wikideas1
- Andrea Luck
- ESA/DLR/FUBerlin/AndreaLuck
- European Space Agency
- Hubble ESA
- Judy Schmidt from USA
- Justin Cowart
- Kevin Gill from Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Kevin M. Gill
- NASA/JPL-Caltech/SSI/Kevin M. Gill
- NASA/JPL-Caltech/SwRI/MSSS/Kevin M. Gill
- Adam Block/Steward Observatory/University of Arizona
- Andreas Fink
- Andrew Cooper
- Brocken Inaglory
- Drew Farwell
- E. Kolmhofer, H. Raab; Johannes-Kepler-Observatory, Linz, Austria (https://sternwarte.at)
- Gregory H. Revera
- Hewholooks
- Ken Crawford
- Marcoaliaslama
- Miodrag Sekulic
- NASA / SWRI / MSSS / Jason Perry
- Skatebiker
- ESA/Hubble and NASA
- ESO
- NASA/JPL-Caltech/SwRI/MSSS/Kevin M. Gill
- Lviatour
- NASA / JPL / SSI / Gordan Ugarkovic
- zelario12
- Med
20 bodies of the solar system are drawn from a global map of their own surface rather than from a pattern: the planets, the Moon, and the larger moons of Jupiter and Saturn. Most are mosaics somebody flew a spacecraft to make; the rest are textures built from that imagery by their publisher, and the body’s own page says which it is looking at. All of them reached us through Wikimedia Commons, reproduced under the licence beside their name. Each page also says what its map is — which wavelength, whose colour, and where the coverage ran out.
- Caltech/JPL/USGS
- NASA
- NASA / Jet Propulsion Lab / USGS
- NASA Earth Observatory/NOAA NGDC
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center
- NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Carnegie Institution of Washington
- NASA/JPL-Caltech/Space Science Institute/Lunar and Planetary Institute
- NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute
- USGS Astrogeology Science Center
- Solar System Scope
The constellation figures and boundaries on the sky map are not this project’s work. There is no standard for which stars a figure joins — every atlas draws them differently — so the map draws one published set and says whose.
- IAU constellation figuresCC BY 4.0 (repository README); GPL-3.0 (the data file's header)IAU / Sky & Telescope (Alan MacRobert), transcribed by Dominic Ford
- HYG Database v4.1CC-BY-SA-4.0Astronexus
- Catalogue of Constellation Boundary DataBSD-3-ClauseDavenhall & Leggett (1989), VizieR VI/49 (VizieR terms), via d3-celestial — Copyright (c) 2015, Olaf Frohn
LICENCE TEXT
Copyright (c) 2015, Olaf Frohn All rights reserved. Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission. THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
Most of the sky calendar is solved from an ephemeris when the page is asked for, and no upstream’s terms govern it. Two kinds of event are read instead: near-Earth flybys, which only JPL can know, and the meteor showers’ dates, radiants and rates, which the International Meteor Organization compiles from observed activity.
- JPL close-approach dataID close_approaches · No licence stated; citation requested · COMMERCIAL USE NOT STATED
Solar System Dynamics. (Downloaded 2026, September 8). SBDB Close Approach Data API. https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov; Solar System Dynamics. (Downloaded 2026, September 8). Horizon API. https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov
- International Meteor Organization, Working List of Visual Meteor Showers (Meteor Shower Calendar, ed. J. Rendtel)ID imo_showers · No licence stated · COMMERCIAL USE NOT STATED