Sadr
ILLUSTRATION FROM SPECTRAL TYPE F8Ib · 6210 K · 35 300 L☉
OVERVIEW
] STARSadr is an in the constellation Cygnus, 1832 from Earth, shining at apparent magnitude 2.23 (). Other catalogues list it as 37 γ Cyg and HR 7796.
- WHAT IT IS
- Yellow-white supergiant
- HOW FAR
- 1832
- HOW BRIGHT (V)
The light arriving now left it that long ago.
Bright enough for the naked eye, under a sky dark enough.
THE MODEL
] RADIUS FROM THE LUMINOSITY AND THE TEMPERATURECALCULATED · NOT AN OBSERVATION · RADIUS FROM THE LUMINOSITY AND THE TEMPERATURE · SPECTRAL TYPE F8Ib · 6210 K · 35 300 L☉ · SPOTS OVER 0.00013% OF IT · WITH A CORONA
Drawn from the radius from the luminosity and the temperature and from the same properties the picture at the top of this page uses, at the distance a flight to it would stop. It is cool enough to convect at the surface, so it has a magnetic field wound by that convection, and the field is what everything else here comes from: the dark patches are places where it is strong enough to stop the heat arriving, so they are cooler rather than merely darker, and they are drawn at the fraction of the surface a star this active is measured to cover. The bright web between them is the same field swept to the edges of the larger convection cells, and the brighter patches beside the spots are that web bundled up — both of them brighter towards the limb, because what makes them bright is seeing down the wall of a magnetic tube rather than into its mouth. The fringe standing off the edge is the chromosphere, a forest of jets a few hundred kilometres wide, and the flames leaning out of it are prominences: chromospheric gas held up by the field, drawn at the height one reaches and the width one has. A flare is a second, far hotter thing radiating on top of the photosphere rather than the photosphere brightening, which is why the same flare is barely visible on a hot star and doubles a cool one. The streamers reaching out past the limb are the corona, which is a millionth of the disc's brightness and drawn far brighter than that, since at its own contrast nothing short of hiding the disc reveals it. Drag it, or use the arrow keys, to look from another direction. The stars behind are the 498,631 this catalogue holds real distances for, drawn from where the camera actually is — but every one of them is within 170 parsecs of the Sun and this object is much further out, so from here that whole neighbourhood is a knot in one direction and the rest of the sky is empty. The view you land on looks the other way; turn back towards the Sun and the stars come with it. What the readout says is which of the two the frame is pointed at. The emptiness is not a missing backdrop — it is the edge of what this catalogue has measured.
OBSERVING
] FROM WHERE YOU AREWhat it takes to see Sadr for yourself. Everything in this part of the page is worked out for a real horizon, a real night and the equipment you say you have.
Say where you are, and this line says when Sadr is worth going out for.
THROUGH AN EYEPIECE
] 150 MM TELESCOPE · 25 MM EYEPIECEBright enough to pick out with your eyes alone, and from a lit street as well as a dark one. It will be a point of light in anything: a star is far enough away that no aperture on Earth gives it a width, and all the equipment changes is how easily you find it.
- 48×
- 1.08
- 1.25
- 13.0
- APPARENT MAGNITUDE ()
- 2.23 · within reach
APPARENT PLACE
] EQUINOX J2026.8Where a telescope has to be pointed today, which is not quite where the catalogue records the object: the coordinate grid itself has turned since the year 2000 the catalogue is referred to.
- RIGHT ASCENSION
- DECLINATION
- GRID TURNED SINCE
- 12.2
- PROPER MOTION SINCE
- 0.07
Computed for 2026-10-11 00:00 UT. Two things separate it from the catalogued position above: Sadr has moved under its own proper motion, and the coordinate grid has turned under it — about fifty arcseconds a year of precession since 2000, and the small nodding of the Earth’s axis on top of that. The catalogue it came from publishes no error for that position, so nothing here says how far this arithmetic can be trusted — the digits above are as precise as the place they were computed from, and no more. Aberration, parallax and refraction are left out. Aberration swings every position by up to twenty arcseconds over a year; parallax stays under an arcsecond for all but the nearest stars; refraction is nothing overhead and about half a degree at the horizon, where it answers to the air, not the sky. The same figure for any date.
SPECTRUM
] A SPECTRUM OF ITS TYPENo survey in this catalogue has measured Sadr’s own spectrum: the one that reaches deepest saturates on the brightest stars, and no spectrograph has been pointed at the whole sky. What is drawn below is the average of several real stars of the same class, F8 I. It shows what a star like this one shows, and every line named on it is a line of the type rather than a measurement of Sadr.
A star gives out light at every wavelength at once. The dark gaps are atoms in the thin gas above its surface, each one removing the single colour it is able to absorb — which is how a list of ingredients is read off something nobody will ever touch.
Point at a labelled line — or an element above — to see which atom makes it and where it falls.
Pickles (1998) stellar spectral flux library. F8 I — the average of several real stars of this type, not an observation of any one star. Sampled every 5 angstroms; 1,895 points rebinned onto 1,024 log-spaced display points and normalised to the median flux. Brightness is scaled to this spectrum’s own middle value, so the shape is the measurement and the height is not. The 10 lines named above are the ones that stand clear of the scatter and of the features around them; a spectrum at this sampling holds many more that it cannot separate. The samples themselves, as JSON, CSV or VOTable.
LIFE OF THIS STAR
] STAGE 3 OF 5Sadr is a yellow-white supergiant near the end of its life; within about two million years it will collapse and explode as a supernova, leaving a neutron star.
- COLLAPSING CLOUDtook about eighty thousand years
- MAIN SEQUENCElasted about twenty million years
- SUPERGIANTabout two million years of itNOW
- SUPERNOVAbright for weeks, over in a second
- NEUTRON STARfor the rest of time
NOW The same swelling, on a star heavy enough to keep going: helium, then carbon, then a run of heavier elements each burning faster than the last, until the core is iron and fusion can release nothing more.
NEXT The iron core collapses in about a second and the rest of the star is thrown off at a tenth of the speed of light. For a few weeks it outshines the galaxy it is in.
EVERY STAGE ON THIS TRACK
- COLLAPSING CLOUDtook about eighty thousand years
- A cold clump of gas and dust falls in on itself and heats as it falls. It stops being a cloud and starts being a star at the moment its core is hot enough to fuse hydrogen.
- MAIN SEQUENCElasted about twenty million years
- Hydrogen fuses to helium in the core, and the outward push of that exactly balances the star's own weight. This is the long, steady stretch — nine-tenths of a star's life — and it ends when the core's hydrogen is gone.
- SUPERGIANTabout two million years of itNOW
- The same swelling, on a star heavy enough to keep going: helium, then carbon, then a run of heavier elements each burning faster than the last, until the core is iron and fusion can release nothing more.
- SUPERNOVAbright for weeks, over in a second
- The iron core collapses in about a second and the rest of the star is thrown off at a tenth of the speed of light. For a few weeks it outshines the galaxy it is in.
- NEUTRON STARfor the rest of time
- What is left of the core: a couple of solar masses in a ball the width of a city, so dense that its protons and electrons have been pressed into neutrons.
- HOW FIRM No mass has been measured for this star, and past the main sequence its temperature no longer implies one — a red giant of one solar mass and a red supergiant of fifteen are the same colour. The figure above comes from its total output instead, and is unlikely to be better than a factor of two.
Which stage Sadr is in was read from its catalogued class, its temperature and its total output at every wavelength — not from its brightness in visible light alone, which understates a cool star by a factor of several. The mass it started with is about ten times the Sun's mass, from its luminosity, and that mass is what chooses the track. Every span of time here comes from the standard relation between a star’s mass and how long its fuel lasts, rounded to a single figure. They are orders of magnitude and none of them is a date.
CATALOG DATA
] 6 FIELDSThe raw catalogue values, as the source published them, with the error bars where one was published — sorted by what each set of figures is about rather than by the order they happened to be stored in.
WHAT KIND OF THING IT IS
What the object is in itself, rather than how it happens to look from here.
- Spectral type
- Luminosity
- 35 253.3
HOW BRIGHT IT IS
What the light adds up to, measured through one filter at a time. A magnitude is a brightness on a backwards scale — the smaller the number, the brighter the object.
- Colour index (B−V)
WHERE IT IS AND HOW IT MOVES
Position, motion across the sky and the size it covers on it. These are measurements of the object as seen from here, so every one of them depends on where here is.
- Proper motion (RA)
- 2.43
- Proper motion (Dec)
- −0.93
- −8
ALSO KNOWN AS
] 3 DESIGNATIONS- Bayer/Flamsteed 37 γ Cyg
- Common name Sadr
- HR HR 7796
LOOK IT UP ELSEWHERE
] 3 SERVICESEach link carries the identifier printed beside it. Nothing on this page is a measurement of our own, so a number that disagrees with one of these is worth reporting — and a service that has never catalogued this object under this name will say so plainly.
- SIMBADHR 7796
Cross-identifications, measured values and the reference behind each of them.
- ADSobject:"HR 7796"
Papers indexed against this object rather than against the string, newest first.
- VizieR5″ around 305.5571 +40.2567
Every published table with a row at this position, searched by coordinates rather than by name.
CITE THIS PAGE
] DR1This page is live and its numbers move when an upstream refreshes, so the citation names the release the rows belong to rather than the day you read them. The release itself is frozen, republished as a bundle, and is what a data-availability statement should point at.
SpaceCatalog. Sadr [catalogue entry]. Data release DR1 (2026-08-21). https://spacecatalog.org/object/sadr
@misc{spacecatalog_sadr,
author = {{SpaceCatalog}},
title = {{Sadr}},
howpublished = {SpaceCatalog, data release DR1 (2026-08-21)},
year = {2026},
url = {https://spacecatalog.org/object/sadr},
note = {Catalogue entry, data release DR1 (2026-08-21). Values from HYG Database v4.1.}
}The values above were taken from HYG Database v4.1 — CC-BY-SA-4.0. Citing this page does not replace citing that catalogue, and its licence is share-alike: the terms reach whatever you build from these rows.
That catalogue asks for this acknowledgement: HYG Database v4.1, Astronexus (github.com/astronexus/HYG-Database). Fields derived from it stay under CC BY-SA 4.0.