Galaxies

64 158 CATALOGUED

Gravitationally bound systems of stars, gas and dark matter — the structures the universe organises itself into.

RANKED LISTS
Nearest▸
Andromeda Galaxy — 2.537 Mly away
TOP 50
Brightest▸
Large Magellanic Cloud — apparent magnitude 0.29 (V)
TOP 50
PRIMER — 60 SECONDS

Reading the Hubble type

E is elliptical, S is spiral, SB is barred spiral, Irr is irregular. The trailing letter grades how tightly the arms wind: Sa is tight, Sc is open.

Why distances are uncertain

Beyond the local group, distance is inferred from redshift, which needs an expansion rate to convert. That rate is measured two ways that disagree — Planck's 67.4 km/s/Mpc and SH0ES's 73.04 — so every redshift distance here carries ±4% that no telescope can remove until that argument ends. This catalogue divides by the round number between them, H0 = 70, and it does the dividing itself for every galaxy: the redshifts come from several surveys, and where one published distances under an expansion rate of its own, the conversion was re-run rather than the number copied, so that two galaxies in one cluster are not 3.5% apart for a reason that has nothing to do with either. The error bar beside the number carries that ±4%, and adds the galaxy's own motion through space to it.

Photometric and spectroscopic redshifts

A spectroscopic redshift is measured: the lines in the spectrum are where they are, and the number is good to a few per cent. A photometric redshift is fitted — the galaxy's colours through a handful of filters, matched against templates — and GLADE+, which supplies most of the galaxies here, gives it a standard deviation of 20% of itself. The distance says which one it came from, and the error bar beside a photometric one is several times wider than a spectroscopic neighbour's for that reason and not because the galaxy is further away.

[

THE FAMOUS ONES

] 12 ENTRIES
NAME
CLASS
MASS
DISTANCE
MAG
CONSTELLATION
Andromeda Galaxy★
Spiral galaxy Sb
—
2.537 Mly
3.44 V
Andromeda
Triangulum Galaxy★
Spiral galaxy Sc
—
2.730 Mly
5.79 V
Triangulum
Bode's Galaxy★
Spiral galaxy Sab
—
11.90 Mly
6.92 V
Ursa Major
Centaurus A★
Lenticular galaxy S0
—
12.00 Mly
7.22 V
Centaurus
M101★
Intermediate spiral galaxy SABc
—
20.90 Mly
7.90 V
Ursa Major
M110★
Elliptical galaxy E
—
—
8.15 V
Andromeda
Cigar Galaxy★
Spiral galaxy S?
—
11.50 Mly
8.30 V
Ursa Major
Whirlpool Galaxy★
Intermediate spiral galaxy SABb
—
23.60 Mly
8.36 V
Canes Venatici
Black Eye Galaxy★
Intermediate spiral galaxy SABa
—
—
8.52 V
Coma Berenices
Sombrero Galaxy★
Spiral galaxy Sa
—
29.50 Mly
8.59 V
Virgo
Sunflower Galaxy★
Spiral galaxy Sbc
—
33.01 Mly
8.61 V
Canes Venatici
Virgo Galaxy★
Elliptical galaxy E
—
53.50 Mly
9.00 V
Virgo
ALL CLASSESGALAXY · 32 780SPIRAL GALAXY · 5608SPIRAL GALAXY SC · 2529ELLIPTICAL GALAXY E · 2250SPIRAL GALAXY SBC · 1601LENTICULAR GALAXY S0 · 1422LENTICULAR GALAXY · 1420SPIRAL GALAXY SB · 1239LENTICULAR GALAXY S0-A · 1008SPIRAL GALAXY S · 871IRREGULAR GALAXY DI · 762SPIRAL GALAXY SAB · 708
BY CONSTELLATION · 87 REGIONS
VIRGO · 5249LEO · 3582URSA MAJOR · 3095CETUS · 3007HYDRA · 2780CENTAURUS · 2429BOÖTES · 2270COMA BERENICES · 2174PISCES · 1905ERIDANUS · 1884CANES VENATICI · 1629PEGASUS · 1545SCULPTOR · 1498FORNAX · 1308CANCER · 1280HERCULES · 1254LYNX · 1102AQUARIUS · 1092DRACO · 1036ANDROMEDA · 988SEXTANS · 978PISCIS AUSTRINUS · 925PHOENIX · 918PERSEUS · 827LEO MINOR · 793PAVO · 758SAGITTARIUS · 716SERPENS · 638ARIES · 630CAMELOPARDALIS · 584GRUS · 582GEMINI · 579INDUS · 577TELESCOPIUM · 548CRATER · 538LIBRA · 537LEPUS · 510ANTLIA · 509TAURUS · 466PUPPIS · 451CAPRICORNUS · 447MICROSCOPIUM · 421CARINA · 402CORVUS · 397VELA · 386COLUMBA · 380TRIANGULUM · 374TRIANGULUM AUSTRALE · 360CANIS MAJOR · 341HOROLOGIUM · 335LUPUS · 328ORION · 327TUCANA · 323OPHIUCHUS · 313PICTOR · 290DORADO · 268AURIGA · 252CORONA BOREALIS · 244OCTANS · 227VOLANS · 219PYXIS · 212AQUILA · 200HYDRUS · 199RETICULUM · 198LACERTA · 195CAELUM · 185URSA MINOR · 181LYRA · 164ARA · 162CYGNUS · 162APUS · 152CEPHEUS · 131CASSIOPEIA · 130DELPHINUS · 129SCORPIUS · 127CORONA AUSTRALIS · 125MENSA · 119CANIS MINOR · 111NORMA · 93CHAMAELEON · 83MONOCEROS · 78EQUULEUS · 71MUSCA · 71VULPECULA · 37CIRCINUS · 13CRUX · 13SAGITTA · 12
NAME▼
CLASS
MASS
DISTANCE
MAG
CONSTELLATION
Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte
Irregular galaxy IB
—
—
10.76 V
Cetus
Whirlpool Galaxy★
Intermediate spiral galaxy SABb
—
23.60 Mly
8.36 V
Canes Venatici
Whale Galaxy
Barred spiral galaxy SBcd
—
40.54 Mly
9.24 V
Canes Venatici
Virgo Galaxy★
Elliptical galaxy E
—
53.50 Mly
9.00 V
Virgo
Umbrella Galaxy
Spiral galaxy Sc
—
47.22 Mly
10.82 V
Coma Berenices
UGC 9999
Galaxy
—
444.1 Mly
14.23 B
Serpens
UGC 9997
Galaxy
—
554.4 Mly
15.45 B
Boötes
UGC 9996
Galaxy
—
469.7 Mly
15.32 B
Serpens
UGC 9995
Galaxy
—
568.8 Mly
14.90 B
Boötes
UGC 9994
Galaxy
—
468.7 Mly
15.74 B
Corona Borealis
UGC 9993
Galaxy
—
536.4 Mly
17.13 B
Serpens
UGC 9992
Spiral galaxy Sd-Im
—
55.06 Mly
14.40 B
Draco
UGC 9991
Spiral galaxy Scd
—
85.56 Mly
14.11 B
Serpens
UGC 9990
Spiral galaxy SA
—
272.3 Mly
14.62 B
Serpens
UGC 999
Galaxy
—
746.6 Mly
15.55 B
Pisces
UGC 9989
Spiral galaxy Sb
—
218.2 Mly
14.85 B
Serpens
UGC 9988
Galaxy
—
329.7 Mly
16.78 B
Boötes
UGC 9986
Galaxy
—
532.3 Mly
15.10 B
Draco
UGC 9984
Galaxy
—
508.8 Mly
15.25 B
Serpens
UGC 9982
Galaxy
—
387.8 Mly
15.41 B
Ursa Minor
UGC 9981
Galaxy
—
543.1 Mly
15.11 B
Boötes
UGC 9980
Intermediate spiral galaxy SAB_a
—
164.8 Mly
14.68 B
Serpens
UGC 998
Barred spiral galaxy SB
—
254.1 Mly
15.81 B
Cetus
UGC 9979
Irregular galaxy I
—
84.35 Mly
13.87 B
Serpens
UGC 9978
Galaxy
—
347.2 Mly
15.60 B
Serpens
UGC 9977
Spiral galaxy S
—
105.3 Mly
13.00 B
Serpens
UGC 9976
Galaxy
—
576.1 Mly
15.41 B
Serpens
UGC 9972
Galaxy
—
209.9 Mly
15.06 B
Draco
UGC 9970
Spiral galaxy SA_B
—
279.9 Mly
15.25 B
Boötes
UGC 9968
Galaxy
—
470.5 Mly
14.76 B
Serpens
UGC 9966
Galaxy
—
366.3 Mly
15.51 B
Ursa Minor
UGC 9964
Galaxy
—
542.8 Mly
15.05 B
Serpens
UGC 9962
Irregular galaxy Irr
—
151.2 Mly
14.53 B
Serpens
UGC 9960
Galaxy
—
502.9 Mly
14.96 B
Serpens
UGC 996
Lenticular galaxy SO-a
—
305.1 Mly
14.74 B
Cetus
UGC 9959
Barred spiral galaxy SB
—
261.5 Mly
13.89 B
Boötes
UGC 9958
Galaxy
—
631.6 Mly
14.51 B
Serpens
UGC 9957
Galaxy
—
647.3 Mly
16.04 B
Boötes
UGC 9956
Galaxy
—
452.1 Mly
14.94 B
Serpens
UGC 9955
Galaxy
—
468.5 Mly
15.87 B
Ursa Minor
UGC 9954
Galaxy
—
495.2 Mly
14.82 B
Serpens
UGC 9953
Galaxy
—
473.0 Mly
15.40 B
Serpens
UGC 9951
Intermediate spiral galaxy SABd
—
99.36 Mly
15.01 B
Serpens
UGC 9950
Spiral galaxy Sbc
—
325.8 Mly
13.97 B
Ursa Minor
UGC 9949
Spiral galaxy Sc
—
246.8 Mly
14.43 B
Serpens
UGC 9947
Spiral galaxy SA_B
—
310.7 Mly
16.64 B
Boötes
UGC 9944
Galaxy
—
355.5 Mly
14.66 B
Ursa Minor
UGC 9942
Galaxy
—
348.7 Mly
15.63 B
Ursa Minor
UGC 9941
Spiral galaxy Sm/Im
—
85.04 Mly
14.40 B
Serpens
UGC 994
Galaxy
—
447.4 Mly
15.58 B
Pisces
UGC 9938
Barred spiral galaxy SB
—
112.6 Mly
15.74 B
Corona Borealis
UGC 9937
Spiral galaxy S
—
193.7 Mly
14.09 B
Serpens
UGC 9936
Intermediate spiral galaxy SAB
—
141.5 Mly
14.90 B
Boötes
UGC 9934
Barred spiral galaxy SBab
—
222.5 Mly
14.83 B
Draco
UGC 9927
Barred spiral galaxy SB
—
201.4 Mly
14.12 B
Serpens
UGC 9925
Spiral galaxy SAc
—
87.76 Mly
14.81 B
Serpens
UGC 9924
Galaxy
—
432.5 Mly
14.24 B
Boötes
UGC 9921
Galaxy
—
467.5 Mly
15.26 B
Corona Borealis
UGC 9920
Galaxy
—
445.0 Mly
14.86 B
Corona Borealis
UGC 9919
Spiral galaxy ScA(N)
—
147.5 Mly
13.34 B
Serpens
UGC 9917
Barred spiral galaxy SBbc
—
207.0 Mly
14.48 B
Serpens
UGC 9916
Galaxy
—
428.6 Mly
15.68 B
Serpens
UGC 9912
Barred spiral galaxy SBdm
—
54.68 Mly
14.00 B
Serpens
UGC 9911
Galaxy
—
485.8 Mly
16.08 B
Boötes
UGC 9910
Spiral galaxy SA
—
113.1 Mly
15.20 B
Corona Borealis
UGC 9907
Galaxy
—
452.4 Mly
15.60 B
Serpens
UGC 9905
Spiral galaxy Sc
—
252.6 Mly
14.18 B
Serpens
UGC 9901
Spiral galaxy ScA(N)
—
147.7 Mly
13.73 B
Serpens
UGC 9900
Spiral galaxy
—
181.0 Mly
15.03 B
Serpens
UGC 990
Barred spiral galaxy SBm
—
104.3 Mly
17.29 B
Pisces
UGC 99
Spiral galaxy Sm
—
76.89 Mly
12.49 B
Pegasus
UGC 9898
Galaxy
—
336.2 Mly
15.89 B
Serpens
UGC 9897
Galaxy
—
481.9 Mly
14.45 B
Serpens
UGC 9896
Spiral galaxy Sc
—
305.0 Mly
14.21 B
Ursa Minor
UGC 9894
Galaxy
—
431.5 Mly
15.34 B
Serpens
UGC 9893
Spiral galaxy Sm/Im
—
76.56 Mly
14.80 B
Boötes
UGC 9892
Spiral galaxy Sbc
—
257.7 Mly
14.31 B
Boötes
UGC 9891
Galaxy
—
401.1 Mly
15.29 B
Boötes
UGC 9890
Spiral galaxy SA_B
—
280.8 Mly
14.98 B
Boötes
UGC 989
Intermediate spiral galaxy SABm
—
91.01 Mly
15.86 B
Pisces
UGC 9889
Galaxy
—
573.9 Mly
15.14 B
Serpens
UGC 9887
Galaxy
—
629.2 Mly
15.31 B
Serpens
UGC 9886
Galaxy
—
538.0 Mly
14.33 B
Serpens
UGC 9883
Spiral galaxy Sb
—
175.9 Mly
14.97 B
Boötes
UGC 9882
Galaxy
—
358.3 Mly
14.82 B
Boötes
UGC 9881
Galaxy
—
724.8 Mly
15.76 B
Ursa Minor
UGC 9880
Barred spiral galaxy SB
—
145.3 Mly
16.46 B
Boötes
UGC 9879
Galaxy
—
681.9 Mly
15.57 B
Corona Borealis
UGC 9878
Spiral galaxy Sbc
—
321.8 Mly
14.22 B
Ursa Minor
UGC 9875
Intermediate spiral galaxy SAB
—
115.2 Mly
15.56 B
Serpens
UGC 9874
Elliptical galaxy E
—
263.8 Mly
14.38 B
Ursa Minor
UGC 9873
Spiral galaxy Sb
—
265.1 Mly
14.83 B
Boötes
UGC 9872
Spiral galaxy Sc
—
307.3 Mly
14.08 B
Ursa Minor
UGC 987
Spiral galaxy Sa
—
243.5 Mly
13.87 B
Pisces
UGC 9868
Galaxy
—
1.080 Gly
15.33 B
Draco
UGC 9865
Galaxy
—
693.9 Mly
15.65 B
Ursa Minor
UGC 9864
Galaxy
—
523.4 Mly
15.07 B
Serpens
UGC 9863
Galaxy
—
528.1 Mly
15.22 B
Serpens
UGC 9860
Galaxy
—
475.0 Mly
15.88 B
Corona Borealis
UGC 9859
Galaxy
—
492.8 Mly
14.90 B
Corona Borealis