The Caldwell catalogue

105 OF 109

Patrick Moore noticed that Messier's list, compiled from Paris, misses some of the best objects in the sky — the whole southern hemisphere among them — and in 1995 published 109 more to fill the gap. He numbered them by declination, from the far north to the far south, and used the C of Caldwell because Messier had already taken the M.

NOT IN THIS CATALOGUE
4 entries are missing here — C 9, C 14, C 41, C 99. They are objects the upstream catalogues this site merges do not carry as a single row, usually because they are a naked-eye asterism or a pair of clusters catalogued separately.

NAME
CLASS
MASS
DISTANCE
MAG
CONSTELLATION
C 1NGC 188
Open cluster
6081 ly
8.10 V
Cepheus
C 2Bow-Tie nebula
Planetary nebula
4074 ly
11.89 V
Cepheus
C 3NGC 4236
Barred spiral galaxy SBd
9.77 V
Draco
C 4Iris Nebula
Nebula
7.20 B
Cepheus
C 5IC 342
Intermediate spiral galaxy SABc
9.68 B
Camelopardalis
C 6Cat's Eye Nebula
Planetary nebula
5294 ly
9.01 V
Draco
C 7NGC 2403
Intermediate spiral galaxy SABc
8.43 V
Camelopardalis
C 8NGC 559
Open cluster
9227 ly
9.50 V
Cassiopeia
C 10NGC 663
Open cluster
9346 ly
7.10 V
Cassiopeia
C 11Bubble Nebula
H II region
11.00 B
Cassiopeia
C 12Fireworks Galaxy
Intermediate spiral galaxy SABc
9.05 V
Cygnus
C 13Owl Cluster
Open cluster
9402 ly
6.40 V
Cassiopeia
C 15Blinking Planetary
Planetary nebula
5186 ly
9.44 V
Cygnus
C 16NGC 7243
Open cluster
2848 ly
6.40 V
Lacerta
C 17NGC 147
Elliptical galaxy E
9.72 V
Cassiopeia
C 18NGC 185
Elliptical galaxy E
9.20 V
Cassiopeia
C 19Cocoon Nebula
Nebula with cluster
7.20 V
Cygnus
C 20North America Nebula
H II region
4.00 B
Cygnus
C 21NGC 4449
Irregular galaxy IB
9.64 V
Canes Venatici
C 22Copeland's Blue Snowball
Planetary nebula
6399 ly
8.30 V
Andromeda
C 23NGC 891
Spiral galaxy Sb
10.01 V
Andromeda
C 24Perseus A
Lenticular galaxy S0
240.8 Mly
12.24 V
Perseus
C 25NGC 2419
Globular cluster
268 427 ly
10.05 V
Lynx
C 26NGC 4244
Spiral galaxy Sc
10.18 V
Canes Venatici
C 27Crescent Nebula
H II region
7.44 B
Cygnus
C 28NGC 752
Open cluster
1438 ly
5.70 V
Andromeda
C 29NGC 5005
Intermediate spiral galaxy SABb
55.66 Mly
10.71 V
Canes Venatici
C 30NGC 7331
Spiral galaxy Sbc
23.02 Mly
9.41 V
Pegasus
C 31Flaming Star Nebula
Nebula
10.00 B
Auriga
C 32Whale Galaxy
Barred spiral galaxy SBcd
40.54 Mly
9.24 V
Canes Venatici
C 33Eastern Veil
Supernova remnant
7.00 B
Cygnus
C 34Veil Nebula
Supernova remnant
7.00 B
Cygnus
C 35NGC 4889
Elliptical galaxy E
318.4 Mly
11.45 V
Coma Berenices
C 36NGC 4559
Spiral galaxy Sc
51.28 Mly
9.92 V
Coma Berenices
C 37NGC 6882
Open cluster
14.10 V
Vulpecula
C 38Needle Galaxy
Spiral galaxy Sb
72.58 Mly
10.86 V
Coma Berenices
C 39Eskimo Nebula
Planetary nebula
4106 ly
9.61 V
Gemini
C 40NGC 3626
Lenticular galaxy S0-a
85.56 Mly
10.98 V
Leo
C 42NGC 7006
Globular cluster
132 746 ly
10.46 V
Delphinus
C 43NGC 7814
Spiral galaxy Sab
32.36 Mly
10.60 V
Pegasus
C 44NGC 7479
Barred spiral galaxy SBbc
94.03 Mly
11.09 V
Pegasus
C 45NGC 5248
Intermediate spiral galaxy SABb
67.25 Mly
9.97 V
Boötes
C 46Hubble's Nebula
Reflection nebula
11.85 V
Monoceros
C 47NGC 6934
Globular cluster
49 576 ly
9.75 V
Delphinus
C 48NGC 2775
Spiral galaxy Sab
77.83 Mly
10.24 V
Cancer
C 49Rosette Nebula
H II region
6.00 B
Monoceros
C 50NGC 2239
Nebula with cluster
4.80 V
Monoceros
C 51IC 1613
Irregular galaxy I
9.54 V
Cetus
C 52NGC 4697
Elliptical galaxy E
72.57 Mly
9.37 V
Virgo
C 53Spindle Galaxy
Elliptical galaxy E-S0
47.72 Mly
9.09 V
Sextans
C 54NGC 2506
Open cluster
10 158 ly
7.60 V
Monoceros
C 55Saturn Nebula
Planetary nebula
4322 ly
8.00 V
Aquarius
C 56NGC 246
Planetary nebula
1549 ly
10.90 V
Cetus
C 57Barnard's Galaxy
Irregular galaxy IB
10.05 V
Sagittarius
C 58Caroline's Cluster
Open cluster
3504 ly
7.20 V
Canis Major
C 59Jupiter's Ghost Nebula
Planetary nebula
3568 ly
7.70 V
Hydra
C 60Antennae Galaxies
Barred spiral galaxy SBm
95.18 Mly
10.20 V
Corvus
C 61NGC 4039
Barred spiral galaxy SBm
93.50 Mly
11.04 B
Corvus
C 62NGC 247
Intermediate spiral galaxy SABc
9.21 V
Cetus
C 63Helix Nebula
Planetary nebula
655.0 ly
7.30 V
Aquarius
C 64NGC 2362
Open cluster
4229 ly
4.10 V
Canis Major
C 65Sculptor Filament
Intermediate spiral galaxy SABc
11.11 V
Sculptor
C 66NGC 5694
Globular cluster
110 567 ly
10.89 V
Hydra
C 67NGC 1097
Barred spiral galaxy SBb
51.32 Mly
9.76 V
Fornax
C 68NGC 6729
Nebula
Corona Australis
C 69Bug Nebula
Planetary nebula
2417 ly
9.60 V
Scorpius
C 70NGC 300
Spiral galaxy Scd
8.66 V
Sculptor
C 71NGC 2477
Open cluster
4700 ly
5.80 V
Puppis
C 72NGC 55
Barred spiral galaxy SBm
8.54 V
Sculptor
C 73NGC 1851
Globular cluster
39 791 ly
7.23 V
Columba
C 74Eight-Burst Nebula
Planetary nebula
4119 ly
9.20 V
Vela
C 75NGC 6124
Open cluster
2056 ly
5.80 V
Scorpius
C 76NGC 6231
Open cluster
5275 ly
2.60 V
Scorpius
C 77Centaurus A
Lenticular galaxy S0
12.00 Mly
7.22 V
Centaurus
C 78NGC 6541
Globular cluster
24 136 ly
7.32 V
Corona Australis
C 79NGC 3201
Globular cluster
16 634 ly
8.24 V
Vela
C 80Omega Centauri
Globular cluster
17 700 ly
5.33 V
Centaurus
C 81NGC 6352
Globular cluster
18 265 ly
8.87 V
Ara
C 82NGC 6193
Open cluster
3880 ly
Ara
C 83NGC 4945
Barred spiral galaxy SBc
36.55 Mly
11.86 V
Centaurus
C 84NGC 5286
Globular cluster
34 899 ly
8.31 V
Centaurus
C 85ο Vel Cluster
Open cluster
493.5 ly
2.50 V
Vela
C 86NGC 6397
Globular cluster
7175 ly
5.17 V
Ara
C 87NGC 1261
Globular cluster
52 185 ly
8.63 V
Horologium
C 88NGC 5823
Open cluster
5931 ly
7.90 V
Circinus
C 89S Nor Cluster
Open cluster
3095 ly
5.40 V
Norma
C 90NGC 2867
Planetary nebula
7267 ly
9.70 V
Carina
C 91Wishing Well Cluster
Open cluster
1557 ly
3.00 V
Carina
C 92Carina Nebula
H II region
8500 ly
3.00 B
Carina
C 93NGC 6752
Globular cluster
12 720 ly
6.28 V
Pavo
C 94Herschel's Jewel Box
Open cluster
6648 ly
Crux
C 95NGC 6025
Open cluster
2513 ly
5.10 V
Triangulum Australe
C 96NGC 2516
Open cluster
1334 ly
3.80 V
Carina
C 97Pearl Cluster
Open cluster
6678 ly
5.30 V
Centaurus
C 98Coalsack Cluster
Open cluster
4734 ly
6.90 V
Crux
C 100λ Cen Nebula
Nebula with cluster
4.50 B
Centaurus
C 101NGC 6744
Spiral galaxy Sbc
37.34 Mly
9.25 V
Pavo
C 102θ Car Cluster
Open cluster
495.1 ly
Carina
C 10330 Dor Cluster
H II region
7.25 V
Dorado
C 104NGC 362
Globular cluster
27 071 ly
6.58 V
Tucana
C 105NGC 4833
Globular cluster
19 243 ly
7.79 V
Musca
C 10647 Tuc Cluster
Globular cluster
15 000 ly
4.09 V
Tucana
C 107NGC 6101
Globular cluster
49 250 ly
10.08 V
Apus
C 108NGC 4372
Globular cluster
15 982 ly
9.85 V
Musca
C 109NGC 3195
Planetary nebula
6442 ly
11.60 V
Chamaeleon
[

COMMON QUESTIONS

] 3 ANSWERED
How many Caldwell objects are there?
109, numbered C 1 to C 109 in order of declination — C 1 is the northernmost and C 109 the southernmost. The count matches Messier's own 109 published objects deliberately.
Why is it called the Caldwell catalogue?
Patrick Moore's full surname was Caldwell-Moore. M was already the Messier catalogue's letter, so he used the other half of his name.
Do Messier and Caldwell overlap?
No. Moore's rule was that a Caldwell object is one Messier did not list, so the two catalogues together are 219 distinct objects.